[ANDROID] DownloadManager下載APK並自動開啟安裝畫面(Android 6.0 , 7.0皆可運作) ~ Solinari's Notes

最近在工作上遇到一個需求，供內部使用的APP，由於沒有上架至Google Paly，App有改版或者Bug修復時，使用者無法透過Google Play更新，因此有了App自行下載APK檔並自動開啟安裝畫面的需求(下載的權限驗證不再這裡討論)。

先看完成圖(系統Android 7.0, API 24)↓

在這裡練習的APK(此專案的apk檔-VersionCode為2)下載網址為
https://github.com/SolinariWu/AutomaticallyOpenApk/raw/master/Solinari.apk

上一個例子有一個About的頁面，關於此APP的資訊，我們新增一個Update的按鈕。
about.xml

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="match_parent"
	android:orientation="vertical">
	<include
	layout="@layout/toolbar"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll\|enterAlways\|snap" />
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/textView"
	android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/version"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textSize="18sp"
	android:textStyle="bold"
	android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"/>
	<LinearLayout
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:orientation="horizontal">
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/tvVersion"
	android:layout_width="100dp"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textSize="18sp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="5dp" />
	<Button
	android:id="@+id/btnUpload"
	android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/update" />
	</LinearLayout>
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/textView2"
	android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/author"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textSize="18sp"
	android:textStyle="bold"
	android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"/>
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/tvAuthor"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/author_name"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textSize="18sp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"/>
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/textView3"
	android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/email"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textSize="18sp"
	android:textStyle="bold"
	android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"/>
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/tvEmail"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/author_email"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textSize="18sp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"/>
	</LinearLayout>

view raw about.xml hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Android Manifest中加入權限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

我們透過DownloadManager這個System Service來進行下載的動作，將路徑設置於外部公開空間(Public external storage)，並針對Andriud 6.0以上版本的系統，檢查是否有讀取的權限。
About.java

	package com.example.solinari.automaticallyopenapk;

	import android.Manifest;
	import android.app.DownloadManager;
	import android.content.Context;
	import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
	import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
	import android.database.ContentObserver;
	import android.database.Cursor;
	import android.net.Uri;
	import android.os.Build;
	import android.os.Bundle;
	import android.os.Environment;
	import android.os.Handler;
	import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
	import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
	import android.view.View;
	import android.widget.Button;
	import android.widget.TextView;

	import org.w3c.dom.Text;

	/**
	* Created by Solinari on 2017/02/15.
	*/

	public class About extends Navigation_BaseActivity {
	DownloadManager DM ;
	DownloadManager.Request request;
	private long LatestDownloadID;
	String URL;
	DialogFragmentHelper newFragment;
	static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://downloads/my_downloads");
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	setContentView(R.layout.about);
	Button btnUpload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnUpload);
	toolbar.setTitle(R.string.about);//設置ToolBar Title
	setUpToolBar();//使用父類別的setUpToolBar()，設置ToolBar
	CurrentMenuItem = 1;//目前Navigation項目位置
	NV.getMenu().getItem(CurrentMenuItem).setChecked(true);//設置Navigation目前項目被選取狀態
	TextView tvVersion = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvVersion);
	try {//取得APP目前的versionName
	PackageInfo packageInfo = getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(getPackageName(), 0);
	tvVersion.setText( packageInfo.versionName);
	} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
	}
	btnUpload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
	@Override
	public void onClick(View view) {
	DownloadNewVersion();
	}
	});
	}
	private void DownloadNewVersion(){
	newFragment = new DialogFragmentHelper();
	newFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(),"download apk");
	DM = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
	URL = "https://github.com/SolinariWu/AutomaticallyOpenApk/raw/master/Solinari.apk";
	Uri uri = Uri.parse(URL);
	request = new DownloadManager.Request(uri);
	request.setMimeType("application/vnd.android.package-archive");//設置MIME為Android APK檔
	if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {//Android 6.0以上需要判斷使用者是否願意開啟儲存(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)的權限
	CheckStoragePermission();
	}
	else{
	DownloadManagerEnqueue();
	}
	}
	private void DownloadManagerEnqueue(){
	//創建目錄
	Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).mkdir() ;
	//設定APK儲存位置
	request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS , "DG_App.apk" ) ;
	LatestDownloadID= DM.enqueue(request);
	}
	private void CheckStoragePermission() {//Android 6.0檢查是否開啟儲存(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)的權限，若否，出現詢問視窗
	if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
	Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
	!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
	Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
	!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//Can add more as per requirement
	ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
	new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
	20);
	} else {
	DownloadManagerEnqueue();
	}
	}
	@Override//Android 6.0以上接收使用者是否允許使用儲存權限
	public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
	String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
	switch (requestCode) {
	case 20: {
	if (grantResults.length > 0
	&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
	DownloadManagerEnqueue();
	} else {
	CheckStoragePermission();
	}
	return;
	}
	}
	}

	}

view raw About.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

執行效果如下(可以注意到左上角有下載圖示)↓

這時候，當左上角的下載圖示消失時，我們如果至我們設定下載路徑底下可以發現，APK檔已被成功下載下來了，但這距離我想要的效果還差了許多，在下載過程中，我想要使用者能直接一目瞭然目前的下載進度，而不需要拉下提示欄觀看，那要怎麼實現呢?

先設計一個進度對話框，download_apk_dialog.xml

	<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:orientation="vertical"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:background="#ffffffff">

	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/textView"
	android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:text="@string/update"
	android:textColor="@color/black"
	android:textStyle="normal\|bold"
	android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"/>
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/textView2"
	android:layout_below="@id/textView"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
	android:text="@string/wait" />
	<ProgressBar
	android:id="@+id/download_progressBar"
	android:layout_below="@id/textView2"
	style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:indeterminate="false"
	android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
	android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
	android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
	android:max="100" />
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/txtProgress"
	android:layout_below="@id/download_progressBar"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
	android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
	android:textStyle="normal\|bold"/>
	</RelativeLayout>

view raw download_apk_dialog.xml hosted with ❤ by GitHub

撰寫一個DialogFragmentHelper.java，用來呼叫DialogFragment

	package com.example.solinari.automaticallyopenapk;

	import android.os.Bundle;
	import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
	import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;
	import android.view.LayoutInflater;
	import android.view.View;
	import android.view.ViewGroup;
	import android.view.Window;
	import android.widget.Button;
	import android.widget.ProgressBar;
	import android.widget.TextView;

	/**
	* Created by Solinari on 2016/12/4.
	*/

	public class DialogFragmentHelper extends DialogFragment{
	private ProgressBar progressBar;//下載新版APP時ProgressBar
	private TextView txtProgress;//下載新版APP時顯示文字百分比
	@Nullable
	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	getDialog().requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);//取消Dialog title列
	getDialog().setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);//不能點擊Dialog以外區域
	View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.download_apk_dialog, container, false);
	progressBar = (ProgressBar) v.findViewById(R.id.download_progressBar);
	txtProgress = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.txtProgress);
	txtProgress.setText("0%");
	return v;
	}
	protected void setProgress(int progress){//更新進度條
	progressBar.setProgress(progress);
	txtProgress.setText(Integer.toString(progress) + "%");
	}


	}

view raw DialogFragmentHelper.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

再來，於About.java中撰寫一個類別DownloadObserver，繼承ContentObserver，用來觀察下載進度的變化

	class DownloadObserver extends ContentObserver
	{
	public DownloadObserver(Handler handler) {
	super(handler);
	}
	@Override
	public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
	DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query();
	query.setFilterById(LatestDownloadID);
	DownloadManager dm = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
	final Cursor cursor = dm.query(query);
	if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
	final int totalColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TOTAL_SIZE_BYTES);
	final int currentColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_BYTES_DOWNLOADED_SO_FAR);
	int totalSize = cursor.getInt(totalColumn);
	int currentSize = cursor.getInt(currentColumn);
	float percent = (float) currentSize / (float) totalSize;
	final int progress = Math.round(percent * 100);
	runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {//確保在UI Thread執行
	@Override
	public void run() {
	newFragment.setProgress(progress);
	}
	});
	}
	}
	}

view raw DownloadObserver.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

再來於About.java中DownloadNewVersion()，開啟進度對話框，並於DownloadManagerEnqueue()註冊ContentObserver(CONTENT_URI的值不能改變)

	private void DownloadManagerEnqueue(){
	//創建目錄
	Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).mkdir() ;
	//設定APK儲存位置
	request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS , "Solinari.apk" ) ;
	downloadObserver = new DownloadObserver(null);
	getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(CONTENT_URI, true, downloadObserver);//註冊ContentObserver
	LatestDownloadID= DM.enqueue(request);
	}

view raw DownloadManagerEnqueue.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

讓我們來看看效果↓

進度提示框完成了，再來就剩下自動開啟APK安裝畫面了，這裡我們可以選擇當ContentObserver觀察到100%時開啟APK檔，亦或者是設定一個BroadcastReceiver，當收到「ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE」即開啟APK安裝畫面，我選擇後者，要選擇後者的話，我們需要暫存DownloadManager下載時所產生的DownloadID，這個ID可以讓我們在Android 6.0以上版本的手機，順利取得APK的Uri，，我們使用SharedPreferences來儲存這個ID值。

撰寫SharedPreferencesHelper.java

	package com.example.solinari.automaticallyopenapk;

	import android.content.Context;
	import android.content.SharedPreferences;

	/**
	* Created by Solinari on 2017/3/2.
	*/

	public class SharedPreferencesHelper {
	final String SP_Name = "AutomaticallyOpenApk_SP";
	public final String DownloadID = "LoginID";
	public SharedPreferences settings;
	public SharedPreferences.Editor PE;
	public SharedPreferencesHelper(Context context) {
	settings = context.getSharedPreferences(SP_Name, 0);
	PE = settings.edit();
	}
	public void setDownloadID(long id) {//儲存DownloadID
	PE.putLong(DownloadID,id);
	PE.commit();
	}
	public long getDownloadID() {
	return settings.getLong(DownloadID, -1);
	}//取得DownloadID
	}

view raw SharedPreferencesHelper.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

撰寫BroadcastReceiver之前，針對7.0以上版本的手機，在取得APK檔的Uri時，需要透FileProvider，才可以正常運作，先在Android Manifest中加入

	<provider
	android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
	android:authorities="com.example.solinari.automaticallyopenapk.fileProvider"
	android:exported="false"
	android:grantUriPermissions="true" >
	<meta-data
	android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
	android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
	</provider>

view raw provider.xml hosted with ❤ by GitHub

並於res目錄底下新增一個xml資料夾並新增一個file_paths.xml

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<paths>
	<external-path path="." name="external_storage" />
	</paths>

view raw file_paths.xml hosted with ❤ by GitHub

撰寫DownloadCompleteReceiver.java

	package com.example.solinari.automaticallyopenapk;

	import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
	import android.app.DownloadManager;
	import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
	import android.content.Context;
	import android.content.Intent;
	import android.database.Cursor;
	import android.net.Uri;
	import android.os.Build;
	import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
	import android.text.TextUtils;
	import java.io.File;

	/**
	* Created by Solinari on 2017/3/2.
	*/

	public class DownloadCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
	static SharedPreferencesHelper sp ;
	Context con;
	public DownloadCompleteReceiver(Context context){
	con = context;
	sp = new SharedPreferencesHelper(context);
	}
	@SuppressLint("NewApi")
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
	long downLoadId = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
	long cacheDownLoadId = sp.getDownloadID();
	if (cacheDownLoadId == downLoadId) {
	Intent install = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
	File apkFile = queryDownloadedApk(context);
	if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {//Android 7.0 需要透過FileProvider來取得APK檔的Uri
	install.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
	Uri contentUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileProvider", apkFile);
	install.setDataAndType(contentUri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
	} else {
	install.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(apkFile), "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
	install.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
	}
	context.startActivity(install);//開啟安裝畫面
	}
	}

	//透過downLoadId尋找下載的apk檔，解决6.0以上版本安裝問題
	public static File queryDownloadedApk(Context context) {
	File targetApkFile = null;
	DownloadManager downloader = (DownloadManager) context.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);

	long downloadId =sp.getDownloadID();
	if (downloadId != -1) {
	DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query();
	query.setFilterById(downloadId);
	query.setFilterByStatus(DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL);
	Cursor cur = downloader.query(query);
	if (cur != null) {
	if (cur.moveToFirst()) {
	String uriString = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI));
	if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(uriString)) {
	targetApkFile = new File(Uri.parse(uriString).getPath());
	}
	}
	cur.close();
	}
	}
	return targetApkFile;
	}
	}

view raw DownloadCompleteReceiver.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

最後，在DownloadManagerEnqueue()中註冊BroadcastReceiver並儲存DownloadID

	private void DownloadManagerEnqueue(){
	//創建目錄
	Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).mkdir() ;
	//設定APK儲存位置
	request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS , "Solinari.apk" ) ;
	DownloadCompleteReceiver receiver = new DownloadCompleteReceiver(getApplicationContext());
	registerReceiver(receiver, new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE));//註冊DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE-BroadcastReceiver
	downloadObserver = new DownloadObserver(null);
	getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(CONTENT_URI, true, downloadObserver);//註冊ContentObserver
	LatestDownloadID= DM.enqueue(request);
	SharedPreferencesHelper sp = new SharedPreferencesHelper(getApplicationContext());
	sp.setDownloadID(LatestDownloadID);//儲存DownloadID
	}

view raw DownloadManagerEnqueue_v2.java hosted with ❤ by GitHub

大功造成!

參考文獻：DownloadManager+MaterialDialog下載進度和6.0安裝APK和"程式未安裝"問題
解決 Android N 上錯誤：android.os.FileUriExposedException
Android 6.0 儲存權限
完整專案：Solinari GitHub

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Solinari's Note

2017年3月2日星期四